Non muscle invasive bladder cancer staging (2024)

FAQs

What is non-muscle-invasive stage bladder cancer? ›

Stage I is a form of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer that has spread into the connective tissue but has not reached the muscle layers of the bladder. Stage I bladder cancer (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer). Cancer has spread into the connective tissue but has not reached the muscle layers of the bladder.

Once diagnosed, the rates of survival are quite favorable for patients with NMIBC. Survival in high-grade disease ranges from about 70-85% at 10 years and a much higher rate for low-grade disease. However, it is important that the disease is diagnosed early.

epidermal growth factor receptor; TUR, transurethral resection. This is a case of initially diagnosed NMIBC that developed early, multiple and isolated bone metastasis. It is very unusual for patient with NMIBC to develop bone metastases without regional lymph node metastasis or local invasion.

The 5-year relative survival rate of people with bladder cancer that has not spread beyond the inner layer of the bladder wall is 96%. Almost half of people are diagnosed with this stage. If the tumor is invasive but has not yet spread outside the bladder, the 5-year relative survival rate is 70%.

If cancer cells are found only in the inner layers of the bladder (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer or NMIBC), the main treatment is surgery to remove the cancer. Surgery is commonly combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, which is delivered directly into the bladder (intravesical).

In 2022, the FDA approved a type of gene therapy called nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg (Adstiladrin) for some adults with a certain type of high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Muscle invasive bladder cancer

This means it has grown into a deeper (muscle) layer of the bladder, or beyond. Muscle invasive bladder cancer needs more intensive treatment than non muscle invasive bladder cancer. This is because there is a risk that it could spread to other parts of the body.

About half of all bladder cancers are first found while the cancer is still only in the inner layer of the bladder wall. (These are non-invasive or in situ cancers.) About 1 in 3 bladder cancers have spread into deeper layers of the bladder wall but are still only in the bladder.

We can perform a transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) by removing a bladder tumor through a resectoscope (telescope with an electrified wire loop attached). We insert this scope into the bladder via the urethra and cut out the bladder tumor.

Treatment of stages II and III bladder cancer

The two main treatments for stage II bladder cancer and stage III bladder cancer are radical cystectomy or a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Radical cystectomy is surgery to remove the bladder and surrounding tissues and organs.

What is the difference between non muscle and muscle invasive bladder cancer? ›

NMIBC is confined to the mucosa and/or with invasion only into the underlying lamina propria, whereas MIBC typically invades into deeper layers of the bladder, such as muscle, bladder wall or other tissues surrounding the bladder [4].

It typically doesn't spread very quickly. However, other types of bladder cancer, such as adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma, spread much faster. In most cases, treatment, if started early enough, can prevent the spread of bladder cancer.

Chances of recurrence can be very high for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Around 31% to 78% of people with this cancer will develop recurrence or a secondary bladder cancer within 5 years following treatment, depending on risk-factors.

In 2021, it was estimated that approximately 63 000 new cases of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) would be diagnosed, and approximately 50% of those cases would involve low-grade papillary Ta (low-grade Ta) disease.

It is unclear whether genetic changes that are inherited and present in all of the body's cells (germline mutations) play a significant role in causing bladder cancer. Somatic mutations in the FGFR3, PIK3CA, KDM6A, and TP53 genes are common in bladder cancers.

Location – invasive breast cancer spreads beyond the area where it began; non-invasive has not spread. Symptoms – invasive cancer will sometimes develop symptoms such as a lump; non-invasive rarely has symptoms. However, in both cases they can be present without any symptoms.

Non muscle invasive bladder cancer means the cancer cells are only in the inner lining of the bladder. They have not grown through the inner lining and into the deeper muscle layer of the bladder. It is early in its development. Doctors used to call this superficial bladder cancer.

The most efficient, noninvasive and inexpensive test is a urinalysis/cytology.

BCG treatment involves using a small tube to place the BCG mixture into the bladder. This is repeated weekly for six weeks. BCG causes the immune system to act against cancer cells in the bladder. It can be very helpful in treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (before it has grown deep into the tissue).